Vienna, Austria
1934
I
-It is dawn. I think it is
dawn.
I think it must or ought
to have been
dawn. Perhaps the streaks
of growing
light show that it could
be dawn.
-But what light does not
grow
stronger it its force --
which draws
not from passing time the
power of
Oilthe coming of the sun.
-It is dusk, I know it to
be dusk.
It was this instant that
one Alban
woke from tortured
reveries into the
silence of a spring. He
glanced out
of the window to see the
light of
the dying day pour through
the
window. He realizes the
sun has set
and that the first
glistening of
Venus falling towards the
Western
Horizon has pierced the
glare of
day.
He startles and looks towards the
door frame. It is his wife - wearing
a sour expression that said she was
disappointed that he had dozed off
on the sofa again, papers scattered
before him, notes scrawled on some -
numbers on others. He hunched
protectively over them. Even though
she could not have divined the
secrets on the pages. Even though he
knew that she already knew them.
It struck him at this instant how
much she and Maestro Schönberg were
alike - she could not have learned
the sour look from him, nor he from
her. It must be something from up
out of the unconscious of man - a
shape that reached the face - a sour
fear brought to light.
"Manon,” his wife gave a pause,
“has
died. I heard it only a few minutes
ago. The sickness has claimed her.”
Alban Berg came slowly and groggily
to realization, the way people who
are used to stimulants do when they
do not have the substance of their
thought to hand. When their world
seems hazy and dark, and the blood
of thought does not flow within
them.
He furrows his brow.
“She has gone to be among the other
angels then, first Gustav, then her.
Soon the whole world I fear. Will
there be no joy left within it?”
The wife turned.
“Not if the least and lowest spawn
of Vienna's artistic community has
much to say of it. I find it hard to
understand how Anton has such
admiration for him.”
Alban reached a standing state, his
rumpled clothes were creased from
having been sweat in and then slept
in. He pushed his steel-wool hair
back and moved up behind his wife,
grasping his arms around her.
“Do not talk of such things.
Politics passes, only the infinite
will remain. And all we do, “he
waited for an instant - a pause in a
phrase such as his mentor loved so
much, “and all that we write - will
only last in so far as it reflects
that infinite perfection.”
The last sentence brought a sigh,
and having stated as he wished to
state - he the began to cry and his
weight collapsed downward on his
wife, and his embrace became a
grasp. His sobs were short and
broken sharp by wheezing and
gasping.
The light had faded and the piercing
veil of the evening star was clearly
visible. Gradually the brightness of
Orion's red eye came forth and the
arc of the end of winter stars above
it.
Alban pulled himself to standing,
looked out the window straight at
Venus in the west.
“Goodbye my angel. For the last
time - goodbye.”
The calendar showed the date of the
22nd of April in the one thousand
nine hundred and thirty-fifth year
of the current era. The clock ticked
with its sharp slicing clicks and
showed the time to be half past
twenty.
Now it is a large vista – Far south
of town. It happens that it is only a cottage in the sense that it is
far removed from any other place of habitation. It has three stories,
and each story several rooms. It is here that the Berg family resides
to get away from the drudge and dyne of Vienna. At the time the
building is alone.
- Someone must have been telling
truths about me - or else how could
she have known?
- Moments ago she came to me in a
uniform. I had drifted to sleep upon
the couch after having thought and
sketched for several hours - and
then she came and woke me. And she
was staring at me. I looked at her.
- “What do you want?” “Weren’t
you
supposed to bring me some food?”
“How do you explain this?”
- Behind her where there had been
the little wall cluttered with
little books - there instead was a
vast gaping emptiness. I could see
all of Vienna that lies to the south
and east - at first I thought how
strange for all those chimneys to be
lit - for the night was not cold.
But it was no wafting, wafting smoke
- but buildings and bodies and all
of a block by burning - transformed
into soot and ash.
-The tableau it framed her face as
she looked at me.
- “I meant well.”
And then Alban awoke again. There
was tea laid out. He stood up and
went out to get a bit of air, and
smoke a cigarette in that air. He
descended down the curving steps,
down the creaking wooden boards of
tiny steps. Tiny steps.
Outside his head began to clear and
he looked out over the east - just
smoke from fires - for the air was
crisply cold. He turned his eyes to
the west, toward the country side,
which he could not really see, but
only imagine.
There in the sky, angry red Mars
glared down upon him.
He drew deeply down upon the
cigarette. His mind’s eye was a play
- he could see the movements of the
young girl Manon imitated in the way
the shadows played from lamp light.
He decided to walk quickly around
the block - to clear the head. The
head - clearing the head. He turned
the corner too quickly and was
startled when he encountered at eye
level a grey feline that stalked the
neighborhood for mice.
For a moment - super imposed upon
the soft features of the real cat -
was the scowling visage from
Schönberg's “The Happy Hand” - a
cat a cat a cat that cat that has
its fangs sunk into an artist's
neck.
He stared at the cat. The twitching
of its tail reminded him of the
movements of an arm - then of a leg.
A reverie transported him high among
the hills far from the city. Back to
places where one could still hear
folk songs woven amidst people's
speech and the old dances in their
steps. He saw Manon's sharp pointed
face and wicked grin as she had
first smoked a cigarette he had
provided for her.
Outside of view - just barely - of
so many other people - people who
were dancing, dancing, so happy, so
joyous. And he was not. He had come
to the country to be with Hanna, but
had taken Manon along as somehow of
a cover. He had wandered from the
wooden floors soaked with beer and
sweat to look out at the open air
and the stars hanging the bleak
late summer twilight.
She had stolen in upon him and
touched his shoulder. He neither
remembered her coming towards him,
nor lighting a cigarette. He turned
to look at her. With her mother’s
face and features, but her father’s
piercing architectural eyes. Eyes
that saw the shape of things. He was
never certain how much of her grace
was really just seeing faster than
everyone else.
There was a point of awkwardness. As
a girl she was never an adult -
merely a child in the company of
adults. Here she was alone. He could
not help but see her as something
other than a child. He fumbled and
pulled out a cigarette from a case
and offered it to her.
She took it out and ran her fingers
along its length - looking at it
sideways. She considered it and then
placed it in her mouth with a
nonchalance born of observation
rather than practice. He lit it and
she drew in. Not so deeply as to
cause a cough, not so long as to
make her too heady. Long enough so
that smoke was wine in the air and
the breathing of it was to make one
drunk. She touched it lightly at its
base and took it out of her mouth.
“I had never smoked before. This is
my first.”
Alban nodded. “You’ll find that
they
become your master after a very
short while. It is something that is
unbearable if not repeated.”
She blew smoke outward sharply. “Yes
I can tell that.” And placed the
cigarette back in her mouth, and
holding it between her two fingers
drew another short breath in. Her
chest pulling upwards as she did. He
watch the rise and fall, and
could feel in his throat that
dryness born of expectation. She
drew in her breath and her body
pulled in the smoke, tensing in
concentration, the expectation
growing as her lungs filled, and
then loosing out. As her mouth
smoked the cigarette, Alban's eyes
smoked her form.
He shook himself, and fell into
merely staring.
He stared at the eyes, and the mouth
that richly held the cigarette, at
the pointed small nose.
And then all of this resolved back
to the face of the cat. Suddenly he
was staring at the cat, as if the
face in the dream had been overlaid
upon it, and then vanished.
He stared and stared - only the
calling of a voice wakened him
again. A voice he barely caught the
tail end of.
“You can’t go out like this.”
His wife’s voice caught him, he
wakened from the memory. He turned
to face her. It was painful.
“Obviously you are upset at Manon's
leaving us. Everyone is. Why not
come back in. It is late and you
have much to do tomorrow.”
There was no arguing with her. He
allowed her to lead him back in tow -
all the while thinking about how her
block movements could not compare.
He looked again out on the city, a
cough - a spark from a factory smoke
stack burned upwards in an arch - a
short streak of light in the soot.
An arch, an angel, a vision of a
shape.
That night Alban stayed awake
looking at the ceiling as his wife
slept peacefully. He could not
sleep, as he feared the return of
the dreams the dreams, the dreams -
the dreams.
Instead he stayed awake with the
memory, not the memory of the girl
who was - but the memory of the
reverie remembering the girl who was.
Now we are in Vienna, along one of the
many rues which crisscross the land. Even now there is no tower which
stands above and beyond things. It is spread out and almost tenuous
in its nature.
Paint the walls, you dawn, ending
sleepless
night and fading
into drowsy day. Wishing will
not end the
fatigue, but concentration of
misery might well
reanimate the limbs of the
living.
She, the long
suffering wife, found him seated
at the edge of the
bed. his trousers drawn on,
his shirt, half
pressed drawn across him, his
suspenders cast
loosely over his shoulders. He
was hunched over
and staring out the window at
the coming light.
“We need to pack
up today, and leave for home.
I want everything
to be clean, it was very
nice to be able to
use this place, but the
weather is such
that my breathing cannot stand
another day like
yesterday.”
Alban turned to
her mid-way through this
speech. It was
strange to hear complaints of
health spoken of
in such an energetic whine,
and laying out
such a large agenda as the
ordering of a very
disordered life. Merely
glancing around
the room would cause the piles
of clothes, cast
hither and yon, helter-skelter,
to assault the eye
and create that
pressing,
pressing; pressing: pressing in that
such disorder
pushes in. Alban focused his
vision on the
stern birdlike features of the
woman he had
married and could hear the
drumbeat thought
that was pounding in her mind
and marching on
her face: “I shall order make,
order make, order,
order, order, order.”
Which came out to
him as “I shall orders give,
orders give,
orders, orders, orders, orders.”
Softly up and down
the tones of his voice
carved the words
out:
“If that is what
you wish. I will be amenable.”
She had drawn her
knees up to her chest, and
in so doing sat up
straight, and wrapped her
arms to embrace
those legs. Her face rested on
her knees.
“I hope you
won't go off driving about in your
motor car when the
work must be done, you know
I hate doing it
alone, and you know that we
ought not to spend
the money having a girl
come in and help
me. It would be a waste.”
The magpie had
stolen in to the loft, and so
stealing, stole
the precious hours that would
otherwise have
been filled with work. How doth the
busy bee move
hither thither on appointed
rounds. But bees
could only hum, and not
compose. The
disconnection between his mind
and his face was
so much, that not a muscle
flickered to match
in any noticeable way the
sour scowl that
spread across his mood. He
could see in his
min’s eye the face he wished
he could be
making. But he did not.
And so the moment
hung in silence, so locked
was he into doing
nothing, that nothing was
all he could do.
So active in focusing his
energies that
sitting there, not moving,
became an
exhausting battle. He felt his foot
start to shake and
shimmer, the intensity
of maintaining
languor reached into his bone and
was draining away
the strength. He was waiting
for her to
continue on, and thus relieve him
of saying nothing.
Since she was
merely waiting for affirmation,
it cost her no
great energy to wait, and wait,
and wait, and
wait.
Finally the
straining to maintain the
immobility
collapsed and Alban with it,
hurling him onto
the bed, sprawling.
“Later. I will
help you later. I am too tired
at this particular
moment.”
She drew her
breath in and began to form an
"O" to
sing out a rebuke, but it was too late
- he had fallen
into sleep before the first
syllable could
form itself into air.
Her mouth closed,
she tousled his hair with
the remnants of
affection, drew on a silken
robe frocked with
floral pastel patterns and
backed with black,
drew it tightly to caress
her skin as she
walked down the hall intent on
performing her
morning toilet. Once in the
small cramped
bathroom she noted that there were
clouds, they were
as grey fingers of a crone,
the crone of
winter tearing at the sky. It
would be colder,
and there would be a storm.
She turned back to
face the sink the moment
she realized that
her glance out the small
comer window had
become an empty stare. She
focused her self
on the mirror and checking
every blemish and
wrinkle on the skin, her
eyes flicked over
the curve of her cheek, and
to the flat under
her eyes, and to places that
every woman knows,
but men have not bothered
to give names to.
The public history of men is
geography of land
over time. The private
history of a woman
is time over the geography
of the face. The
hollows that grow up at base
of the eyes, the
gradually swelling under the
lids, all
carefully noted and fretted over.
She realized that she did not have so
long this morning, her offensive against the imperfections of her
face ended, she went to the kitchen to heat up water, and heard
somewhere in the distance the soft turning of Alban in a restless
dream, and the vague emanations of Vienna rousing itself to activity.
It was a hollow sound that echoed inside the house, and inside
herself.
-
This discipline had rules which they
were inventing as they went along. Schoenberg made many mistakes,
that was his gift; Webern made no such mistakes, and is pieces
reflected back on Palestrina, only with 12 notes. But with Schoenberg
and Webern there was a crude high discipline; with Schoenberg it was
the polar regions which bit in. in actual fact, there was a misguided
allegiance to the monarchy, even though Schoenberg was Jewish; and no
monarch would completely trust a Jew. It just was not done. In the
case of Webern, his anllegiance was to Der Fuehrer, even though that
was also forbidden, because Der Fuehrer did not like the music of the
second Vienna school. This made no difference to Schoenberg or Berg,
but it wrestled Webern almost frightfully. He wanted to be both
artistically one of the group of men which were involved with the 12
tone revolution, and politically wanted to be accepted as a good
Nazi. Unfortunately, in this world, you can't be both.
Each of the myriad of rows which
reflected the primary row, were the basis of the peace. One would
think that it would be monotonous. And in fact in the hands of most
composers, monotonous would be a step up. In fact, many composers
tried to write in this way, just to prove they could do it. And then
failed, what they did not realize, is it took a special kind of
composer, not just a good one, or even just a great one, but one who
was bent in this way.
Sitting at his chair, and thinking
about driving is Ford motorcar, a model T, up and down the hills and
dales, and realizing he should make a waltz to the music, he felt the
fact that he wanted to be opening up the piece, in that way that
Puccini did, but was having problems. He wanted to reach the major,
and then shift to the minor, and then back again. But he saw
Schoenberg's face, and heard Schoenberg's voice, and listened to
Schoenberg's neurotic figure; which was really his own voice
superimposed on Schoenberg. This was because actually, it was up from
himself; not really from Schoenberg; that the maniacal; almost
frantic – exhortation to maintain the row at all cost. Even
Schoenberg didn't do this. So Schoenberg was hard, and even harder
then any person was; but he was not fastidious in the way that Berg
thought he was. In short, he had a figure which was the worst of
Schoenberg and Berg.
And he worshiped this as the God of
gods, taking his gift and displaying it; knowing that it was not to
be good enough, even by half. It was almost as if he had an episcopal
fallow tale attached to his hindquarters. Ripping him from stem to
stern; not at all giving him faitour.
I am alone, completely alone. I wonder
if my wife knows what was going on between myself and the girl's
mother. I certainly hope not, it would be a humiliation beyond all
others.
The woods with a giant cottage in
them.
- It so lovely here, in here the woods.
With high polonaise exculpate nomenclature rushing from my eyes.
What saltarello hold did it have, with
Primavera steps along a prismoid trail, which wonders fustigate along
the rhododendron dream that he was in. listening very intently to the
violin as it wanders through the deep edge brush. it is traditional
and traducianism in its ever flowing jasper ware. An enigma would be
to unreal, as speckles all aglow danced down from midday morning sun.
was a trance dreaming of a dance for the memory of an angel.
- What did I do that was so wrong? what
purpose does it serve, what duty does it entail? I must know if when
finishing this solace, what is to become of me? the same as the
angel?
He looked over at his wife, streaming
and with attention paid to her fingernails, he assumed that somehow
she knew. the sly look, the grimace dance about her things, would
that she knew and would that she say so to his face. but in his gut
she would not say so to him.
- What does this power that controls
her life condemn me to know, but not see it in her face? what power
does it possess when AB and HF would be so aligned, but never
embrace.
Hanna, what has become of you? It was a
whisper in proper tonality, before being submerged into a distant
clanging, but softly, chiming chord.
Memory steals soft as he looks in to
his wife's eyes, knowing what she knows about him. Without pleasure,
without piteous pleasure he girds his buttocks into the seat cushion,
betraying the ludicrous notion that all was new again, and that
automobiles could play a part in the monopode eye that was Lulu, his
unfinished work for stage.
Crunching, smashing, with purpose, and
without, a slighly taken tale of his own device. Addict to emotion,
and stilted by a presence that could only be a dry heave. What could
the 20th century the without pictures that distorted?
He once again looked over at his wife,
burning intently on what she knew, which was already decided in her
mind, but she would leave him guessing as to the ornate subterfuge
which rolled instead on the tremendous sticking out of the tongue.
Without further applause, without hint
of desperation, imagined that tse-tse fly alighted on his significant
other. Then to ravish her as he once had done, so long ago in his
youth. It was encouraging, and delightful; but also disgusting, as
any memory of someone he did not want any more would be.
- Why is the memory of wanting her
displaced from actually wanting her?
It was just the beginning of twilight,
and all the mimysgrove were rising up through the gladed would and
stared at him. It was morning, it was twilight, it was anything but
the sun.
- It so lovely here, in here the woods.
With high polonaise exculpate nomenclature rushing from my eyes.
Thinking about my wife, even though I don't love her. But Something
in my fabric wants to be my wife, my lover, everything that pertains
to myself. They want to her kisses in to me, and ravish her with gay
abandon.
He thought the thought of how it would
nestle in to him, and for just a moment, he would respond the way you
used to respond. Even though on the other hand, the very thought of
it repulsed him.
The reality of the situation was that
he would shimmy off these pants, and with a twinkle in his eye, make
the kind of advance that was proper in this Viennese standard way of
the world. So he looked at his wife, and even if he did not love her,
stilted way of the world, made him tip His hat in her direction. And
thus a dance not of love but with affection, again to royal in his
gut.
- Yes, I would have her, though her
mouth discussed me, though there are plenty of women who appeal to
me, though I could think of a dozen reasons, why I should want to do
anything else.
So took the row and reset it, and then
begin to dance the beginning, one step off, and it sounded like a
waltz, in proper style, once upon a time, when the music was yet
young.
- Pique hainaut, in the C clef. A
gargoyle in profile.
- for this terrible year has passed you
and your husband will be able to hear, in the form of a score which I
shall dedicate to the memory of an angel, that which he words I
cannot express.
This he drafted a letter in his mind to
the wife and the father, of Manon Gropius, who once upon a time was
husband to the dearly beloved Alma, who was why of Mahler before
being wife of Werfel. He was intent on the woman he desired, not to
possess, but worship from afar, as Brahms had worshipped Clara
Schumann.
- I must talk with someone, and confide
in him, that the first part of this concerto, depicts the angelic
fragments of motion, of the beloved Manon; capturing the graceful
movements of a round dance; a picture of the unaffected and dreamlike
quality of a Carinthian folk tune.
He noted this, to explain to Willi
Reich, when next he was with him. But he did not expect it to be so
soon. After the drive, in fact, he got a call. He was in the
apartment with which he shared, when ringing ringing ringing came the
phone.
- Yes, may I help you?
- Yes, Willi. what can I do for you?
- I suppose. I could stop by the expressive shop, though I was not expecting you so soon. (actually he had welcomed this to gather his thoughts together.)
- Willi, I have some fragments, but it is rather early to tell. Only April in fact, and you know how slowly I work on this.
- Well you know how Beetheven says: replace days with months, comparing an Italian composer, with a Germanic composer. I think I will be done mid-August, at the latest.
- No, I'm sure it will be done by August, or maybe September at the outside.
- Its all jumbled up, but I have a commission from the American violinist, Louis Krasner.
- No, he isn't very good, but that's the point of thing. It will be a fluid expression, and not the simple, but simple enough.
This was all Berg. He was talking to
Willi, but Willi was indistinct, and garbled. You had to stretch your
ear to its maximum, to realize that it was a male.
Soon he was at the espresso shop, and
Willi was with him. The thrum of the simple folk tune was drilling
into his ear, but as yet, Willi did not hear it, because, for the
moment, it was in his ear alone.
But not for long, though the War that
was coming would interact with the music, and interrupt the lyrical
counterpoint, and crunching noise from the orchestra.
The conversation was one-sided, because
in the view of the Second Vienna School, name they had come up with
themselves, after the first Vienna School of the old Masters, though
excluding Shubert, who did not quite fit in with their view of
history. Remember, it was not the view that many people would take,
but they were persistent in taking it.
Not many years afterwards, Willi would
copy down what was think, remember, Berg enunciated, and he copied,
such was the way of SVS word to God. It was almost, no it was, as if
communication flowed exactly one way, from Schoenberg, to his
disciples, from his disciples to communicants, from communicants to
listeners. And not the other way around. In the view of the
disciples, there were two functions: the performers, and the
explainers in terms of what was written on the page. And not one word
went the other way.
“At the time of this first
communication, he, that is Berg, had not realized that the Cantata,
“O Ewigkeit...” , would be the ending to the piece, he was still
searching for fragments, and he did not realize that 'du Donnerwort'
would fit in with the fragments, and properly promenades in his row.”
of course was thinking of “ it is enough! Lord if it be thy will,
give me rest!” he imagined that the solo violin would join the rest
of the violins, and then the violas, “ audibly and visibly” 'in a
just a demonstrative manner”. Willi also remembered this lesson
from Berg: “ truly, I know go in peace, leaving all my troubles
here below. It is enough. It is enough.” the words come from, of
course, Bach.
The words were also used by another
voice, in another context, describing how Bach mirrored Goedel and
Escher.
It is as if Willi opined ( free from
the expression and command that came with talking with a disciple) :
“Groans and shrill cries for help grow in the, orchestra, to be
smothered by the oppressive rhythms of impending ruin”. But then
become a prayer from the Master of Harmony.
But now Alban needed to make a personal
connection in a very short space of time. he did so at a shot, when
Manon died just after he started after some scribbling, but nothing
substantial. but Alma was grieving and more than just grieving, it
was almost as if she wanted, not to die, but dedicate herself to the
memory of, what Alban said was her Angel. and from that moment, the
angel was almost a prayer, is a macroscith, something that consumed
his entire being. he knew that a personal handler would not be out of
the question. so Willi Reich became such a thing. getting books,
scores, and hunting down the great Bach corral which the envisioned
as the pinnacle of the movement. he did not know what, exactly, he
would do with this, but in his mind he knew it was special.
Only then did he Alma if he could
dedicate this holy Grail to her daughter. and of course she rapidly
accepted the gift. it was at this point, without question, he bashed
and berated himself into and orgy of previous submission to one
thing: a violin concerto, setting aside Lulu, and it's taunting
gymnastics.
At night, when the light was just
barely above dim, when his wife was dozing off, he made dozens of
sketches of the first row and it's variance. Each one would be a
specific theme in what would be a short concerto, as Mendelssohn was,
as many had been. He knew that he didn't want to cast what would be a
bravure gem which on the stage would be to preen highlights of a
master fiddle maker, that just would not do. But neither did he want
something dry and cerebral, as was the custom, for at least the feign
custom of what would be called the second Vienna School. He wanted it
to be tonal. He remembered the, call it fight with Schoenberg, as to
stripping and striping, at least the illusion. He remembered making a
suggestion of melody and tonality, and wish point Schoenberg went off
on how that missed the point, that would be for the underlings to
present, Berg would be a different order of composition.
- Nien! Nien! It must be new! If you
must have a new sense of order and pathos! Why bring in old tonality
when there are so many more vistas yet to be explored! What are you?
When something new is crossed over in to the void, and you come
careening back to the old tonal words as a school child would?
He went on and on in that vein, after
all this was Schoenberg. And while his followers lent a certain air
about his pronouncements, they were in fact quite rude and pointed.
But Berg submitted, and scratched
dozens of attempts. But he also did not submit, and caressed the
tonal qualities in his particular row, which he imagined was a sacred
figure, like God, or the Mystery.
- I'm sure Schoenberg will like the
row, and understand that this is an introduction to the ministries of
the tone row. I'm sure that will like it, he has to, you must, I will
argue for it, but I must press these tribulations out of my mind. It
would not be sacred.
But try as he could, he could not get
it quite right, each time just a bit off.
- I'm sure Schoenberg will like the
row, and understand that this is an introduction to the ministries of
the tone row. I'm sure that will like it, he has to, you must, I will
argue for it, but I must press these tribulations out of my mind. It
would not be sacred.
So he prattled, cavorted, extorted, and
everything else besides. But he also wrote and wrote and wrote and
wrote and wrote.
- I will be juvenal afterwards, but
while I writIe the concerto, everything must be perfect.
Then he heard the rustic dance, and new
that now he would make a great commotion, and begin the second act.
He was ashamed in fact of having written better, it was something
crass that he had just done and he was ashamed of it. But even when
he crossed out, it was still there, staring at him. No amount of
crossing of would ever erase. It could only be written over on top of
it, staring once out side the lines. And it mocked him for having
written anything so crude, yes that's the word – crude. Crude,
rudec, udecr, decru, ercud, rcrud.
So he dropped the solo violin, and
almost pianoismo gave the orchestra a ruinous figure to represent the
crawling strings and then there was a shrink, but only in his mind,
because he had not written yet...
